Also called near-sightedness, is a condition where the light rays tend to focus in front of the retina instead of focusing on the surface. It is caused because the cornea or the lens is too thick or curved for the length of the eye ball. People suffering from near- sightedness can see clearly what’s near but have difficulty with distance seeing. It is a condition that worsens with during childhood and runs in families.

Treatment: - Refractive vision correction, glasses, contact lenses. Recently certain drops are available which when started at an appropriate age in children can lead to slowing the progression of myopia.

A common vision problem affecting a fourth of the population, this condition is called farsightedness, a disorder in which people are not able to focus on objects that are close by. It is the opposite of near-sightedness, in this condition, the length of the eyeball is short and the light appears to focus behind the retina instead of front of the retina. Distant objects appear to be clearer than close objects.

Treatment: - Refractive vision correction, glasses and contact lens.

Astigmatism is a refractive error that could occurs alongside Myopia and Hyperopia. It is a condition owing to the cornea being irregularly shaped in the form of a rugby ball or a refractive error in the lens- this prevents the light rays from being focused on the retina.

Treatment: - Refractive vision correction, glasses and contact lens.