Ophthalmologists or corneal specialists examine the eyes using a slit lamp microscope which helps study minute details of the front portion of the eye including various layers of the cornea to ascertain the exact pathology. Keratometry (study of the shape of the cornea) and Pachymetry (measure the thickness of the cornea) also add valuable information in complete assessment of the cornea.

The treatment is different for each individual disease and the severity of the affected eye. Based on the severity the ophthalmologist decides whether to treat the affected eye using medication or laser procedure or surgery.

• Infections are treated with eye drops and oral medication.
• Abrasions are treated with an eye patch or a bandage contact lens.
• Keratoconus is a condition in which the shape of the cornea gets distorted. It is treated with specialised contact lenses. Advanced Keratoconus is treated with Ultraviolet light or surgery.
• Fuchs' dystrophy causes swelling that damages the cells of the cornea. Initially, eye drops and ointments are used to treat this condition but if the condition worsens, surgery may be required.
• Fuchs' dystrophy involves depletion of the innermost layer of the cornea leading to swelling, pain and loss of vision. Initially eye drops and ointments are used to treat this condition but if the condition worsens, surgery may be required.
• Autoimmune diseases are often treated with anti-inflammatory eye drops such as steroids however steroid-sparing immune-modulating medicines are given preference.
• Eye problems caused by nutritional deficiencies can be cured with supplements.
• Allergies can be treated with anti allergics- topical and oral medication.
• Growths and cancers on the surface of the eye can be treated with surgery and in rare cases topical chemotherapy eyedrops or injections.
• Dry eye and dryness can be treated with tear substitutes, anti-inflammatory drops such as cyclosporine and procedures like punctal plugs and treatment of the etiology in case of secondary dry eyes.